Sun Catfish - Horabagrus brachysoma Fish Profile & Care Guide
Introduction
Sun Catfish (Horabagrus brachysoma) are generally characterized by their peaceful nature. However, it is crucial to consider their natural dietary habits, which include consuming small fish. Therefore, careful selection of tankmates is crucial. Optimal companions for Sun Catfish are typically other fish of similar size and temperament, such as larger Characins and Cyprinids, Bichirs, certain medium-large Cichlids, and various other Catfish species.
Given their naturally gregarious behaviour, it is advisable to maintain Sun Catfish in groups consisting of no less than five individuals. The specimens should ideally be of comparable size and introduced simultaneously into the aquarium to promote their overall well-being.
Given their substantial growth potential, Sun Catfish require a spacious aquarium measuring at least 6ft x 2ft x 2ft. Ideally, even larger dimensions are preferred, along with oversized filtration systems capable of effectively managing the significant amount of nitrogenous waste produced.
To cater to the specific needs of Sun Catfish, it is recommended to provide a soft sand substrate within the aquarium. This substrate serves to safeguard the delicate sensory barbels of the catfish while they forage for food.
Additionally, incorporating sizable pieces of driftwood and smooth rocks in the tank creates ample shaded hiding spots. Ideally, a minimum of two caves per fish should be provided to offer them a choice. Alternatively, large-diameter PVC tubing can be utilized effectively for this purpose, although it may slightly compromise the natural aesthetic of the tank.
Maintaining subdued lighting conditions and moderate water movement is ideal for Sun Catfish. Furthermore, the inclusion of robust aquatic plants such as Anubias and Microsorum can contribute to the creation of shaded retreats. To prevent the plants from being uprooted, it is recommended to secure them onto the driftwood.
The Sun Catfish exhibits distinct colouration patterns. It displays a brownish-black hue on the dorsal surface and sides above the lateral line, while the ventral region showcases a vibrant golden-yellow shade. The underside of the fish is predominantly white in colour. Notably, a prominent black shoulder spot is observable, along with a semi-lunar, thick black ring located at the base of the caudal fin.
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Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Regrettably, comprehensive information regarding the sexual dimorphism of Sun Catfish is currently unavailable. However, it is plausible to speculate that female individuals may exhibit a more robust physique, particularly during the breeding season.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Horabagrus brachysoma |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1864 |
| Other Names | Gunther's Catfish, Bullseye Catfish, Golden Red Tail Catfish, Solar Catfish |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Siluriformes |
| Family | Bagridae |
| Genus | Horabagrus |
| Origins | India |
| Approx Max Size | 30 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | Yes |
| Best kept as | Groups 6+ |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 10 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.0 - 7.5 |
| GH | 5 - 25 |
| ℉ | 74 - 77 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 23 - 25 |
Natural Habitat
The Sun Catfish exhibits an endemic distribution, being exclusively confined to specific water bodies within the Periyar, Chalakudy, and Nethravathi Rivers, as well as the Vembanad Lake in south Karnataka and the Uttara Kannada district of India.
These individuals predominantly inhabit sections of the rivers mentioned above and backwaters characterized by smooth water flow, abundant vegetation, and a substrate composed of mud or sand. Additionally, the species has been documented in deeper pools and hill streams.
Breeding
To date, there is an absence of documented instances pertaining to the successful captive breeding of Sun Catfish.
Diet & Feeding
The Sun Catfish primarily subsists on smaller fish, invertebrates, and plant matter in its natural habitat. Fortunately, when it comes to maintaining this species in an aquarium, the practice of providing live "feeder" fish is unnecessary.
Feeding Sun Catfish in captivity is relatively uncomplicated, as they readily consume various types of dried and meaty frozen foods. It is advisable to offer a combination of dried pellets along with frozen prawns, mussels, and earthworms to ensure a well-balanced diet for these individuals.
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Published: 20 Jul 2023
Last Updated: 24 Jul 2023