Zig-zag Eel - Mastacembelus armatus Eels Profile & Care Guide
Introduction
The Zig-zag Eel (Mastacembelus armatus) is a striking and intriguing freshwater species that is highly coveted in the aquarium hobby. Originating from the riverine systems of Southeast Asia, this Eel species captivates enthusiasts with its elongated body adorned with intricate markings that resemble tyre tracks. Renowned for its burrowing behaviour and nocturnal tendencies, Mastacembelus armatus presents aquarists with a captivating challenge in providing an optimal habitat and care regimen. Celebrated for their tranquil yet demanding temperament, they emerge as an enticing option for seasoned aquarists in search of a unique inclusion for their aquarium setups.
While Zig-zag Eels are often paired with medium to large-sized Gouramis, Knifefish, Danios, Loaches, Loricariids, Eartheaters, Acaras, Cichlasomines, and Asian Catfish in a community aquarium setting, they are typically not compatible with small-sized fish due to their predatory nature toward smaller species. Furthermore, mixing them with conspecifics is discouraged as they can exhibit aggression towards members of the same species. However, they generally coexist peacefully with other fish species that share similar care requirements, size, and temperament. For optimal management of Zig-zag Eels in an aquarium setting, it is advised to house only one specimen per tank, primarily to mitigate potential aggression towards conspecifics. However, this behaviour may be mitigated in certain instances by maintaining the fish in groups consisting of five or more individuals.
Zig-zag Eels are relatively easy to care for but require specific attention to their habitat. Providing a thick layer of soft substrate like sand or gravel, along with rocks and caves for hiding, is essential for creating an ideal environment. While aquarium plants can be included to mimic their natural habitat, caution should be taken to avoid overcrowding, as these eels may uproot them while burrowing. Floating plants are recommended to maintain a dimly lit environment, as Zig-zag Eels are nocturnal creatures. Ensuring pristine water quality through effective filtration is imperative, while maintaining gentle water movement within the aquarium. It is crucial to employ tightly fitting coverslides to prevent any potential escape, as Zig-zag Eels are known for their adeptness in escaping enclosures. Additionally, meticulously seal any gaps where equipment enters the tank to further prevent any unauthorized exits.
The Zig-zag Eel boasts a large, elongated body reminiscent of a snake, lacking pelvic fins. Its anal and dorsal fins are elongated and connected to the caudal fin, with the dorsal fin preceded by numerous spines. The body typically exhibits a dark beige colour on the back and a silver-beige hue on the head, while the body is generally a dull brown shade with lighter tones on the belly. Additionally, brown circular patterns and one to three darker longitudinal zigzag lines adorn the body, forming a distinct reticulated pattern. Dark brown stripes run laterally through the eyes, adding to its striking appearance.
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Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between male and female Zig-zag Eels poses a notable challenge, often requiring observation until they reach maturity. Even then, the differentiation remains challenging; however, females typically exhibit a fuller body shape compared to males.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Mastacembelus armatus |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1800 |
| Other Names | Tyre Track Eel, Tire Track Spiny Eel |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Synbranchiformes |
| Family | Mastacembelidae |
| Genus | Mastacembelus |
| Origins | India Bangladesh Pakistan Nepal Sri Lanka Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Indonesia |
| Approx Max Size | 90 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom |
| Difficulty | Intermediate - Advanced |
| Shoaling | NA |
| Best kept as | Loners |
| Diet & Feeding | Carnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 10 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| GH | 5 - 15 |
| ℉ | 72 - 82 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 22 - 28 |
Natural Habitat
The Zig-zag Eel is indigenous to the riverine systems spanning the Indian Subcontinent, including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, and other regions of South and Southeast Asia. These eels primarily inhabit slow-flowing highland streams, lowland wetlands, still waters, coastal marshes, and rivers characterized by sandy or rocky riverbeds and dense vegetation. They are frequently observed during the tropical summer months and exhibit a propensity to inhabit canals, lakes, and floodplain areas during the flood season.
Breeding
Breeding Zig-zag Eels presents a formidable task, demanding commitment and expertise from aquarists. However, the rewards can be significant for those prepared to undertake the challenge. Establishing a suitable breeding environment is paramount, necessitating a tank of at least 225 litres with a soft, sandy substrate and meticulously maintained water conditions. Temperature regulation between 78 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit is crucial. Providing ample hiding spots, such as driftwood, rocks, and caves, accommodates the eels' burrowing tendencies.
Introducing one male and two females into the breeding tank, with the male typically larger in size, initiates the breeding process. Ensuring a varied diet comprising live, frozen, and pellet foods is essential for their well-being and reproductive success. Once the eels are acclimated and adequately nourished, the female will lay her eggs, typically in a concealed location such as under a rock or within a cave. The male assumes responsibility for fertilizing and guarding the eggs until they hatch, which takes approximately two weeks.
After hatching, the fry must fend for themselves, seeking sustenance through small invertebrates. Due to their challenging care requirements, breeding Zig-zag Eels demands a significant level of expertise and dedication. However, the breeding process can yield gratifying results for enthusiasts prepared to meet these demands.
Diet & Feeding
The Zig-zag Eel exhibits a distinct preference for live food, with its natural diet comprising various small aquatic organisms such as worms, insects, crustaceans, and small fish. Their elongated body and sharp teeth are finely tuned for capturing and consuming prey in the wild. In captivity, it is paramount to replicate their natural diet as closely as possible to ensure their health and vitality. Offering a diverse array of live foods not only meets their nutritional requirements but also provides enrichment and mental stimulation. Suitable live food options include bloodworms, brine shrimp, blackworms, and small feeder fish. To maintain their optimal health, a balanced diet is essential. In addition to live foods, incorporating high-quality frozen options such as bloodworms, daphnia, and mysis shrimp is recommended. These frozen alternatives offer convenience while still delivering vital nutrients necessary for the Zig-zag Eel's well-being.
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Published: 07 May 2024
Last Updated: 07 May 2024